Dove, M. R. (2006). Indigenous people and environmental politics. Annu. Rev. Anthropol., 35, 191-208.

Modernity has helped to popularize, and at the same time threaten, indigeneity. Anthropologists question both the validity of the con- cept of indigeneity and the wisdom of employing it as a political tool, but they are reluctant to deny it to local communities, whose use of the concept has become subject to study. The concept of indige- nous knowledge is similarly faulted in favor of the hybrid products of modernity, and the idea of indigenous environmental knowledge and conservation is heatedly contested. Possibilities for alternate envi- ronmentalisms, and the combining of conservation and development goals, are being debated and tested in integrated conservation and development projects and extractive reserves. Anthropological un- derstanding of both state and community agency is being rethought, and new approaches to the study of collaboration, indigenous rights movements, and violence are being developed. These and other cur- rent topics of interest involving indigenous peoples challenge an- thropological theory as well as ethics and suggest the importance of analyzing the contradictions inherent in the coevolution of science, society, and environment.